Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy occurs when ischemic signals in the retina lead to the formation of new vessels (retinal neovascularization).
These new vessels (highlighted below right in the fluorescein angiogram) have the tendency to bleed in the vitreous cavity of the eye, leading to vision loss, scarring and, with contraction of the scar, tractional retinal detachments that can be associated with permanent vision loss.
Laser photocoagulation, Anti-VEGF medication injections (Avastin, Lucentis) and/or surgery can lead to neovascular regression, quiescence of the retinopathy and stabilization or improvement in vision and quality of life.
